Analysis of Legal and Policy Constraints in the Nigerian Electricity Sector

This report provides a legal and policy roadmap for reforming Nigeria’s electricity sector by analysing the implications of the 2023 Constitutional Amendment and the Electricity Act 2023 on market structure and governance. It examines key issues such as decentralisation, the development of regional electricity markets, transmission (wheeling) frameworks, and institutional inefficiencies within NBET and TCN. The report identifies legal ambiguities, federal-state conflicts, and structural barriers to competition, and proposes targeted reforms including constitutional amendments, regional market frameworks, institutional restructuring, and capacity building to create a more open, efficient, and competitive electricity market that can improve energy access and attract investment.